Its sound box is shaped like a pear cut in half lengthwise and made of unvarnished light wood, and its back is made of hard wood with a slightly convex surface. The neck is short and tightly fixed to the sound box. Originally the neck bore no frets; now, however, it has four frets in addition to eight others on the soundboard and two under the strings with the highest pitch.

The frets stand low and close to each other following the heptatonic scale. The instrument has four pegs for tuning. The strings, formerly of twisted silk, are now made of plastic. They are tuned to the notes C, F, G, and Cl, or to the notes A, D, E, Al. The range of the Ty Ba is three octaves, from C to C3.

The player uses a plectrum which she holds in her right hand and plucks either upward or downward in a quick run. The technique used by her left hand, which presses the strings, includes glissando, staccato, arpeggio and tremolo. The Ty Ba music is light and cheerful. The instrument is played solo or as part of an orchestra or a band accompanying the singing of melodies or cai luong operas.

The Ty Ba recitals are well liked by music lovers at home and abroad. Though related to the Japanese biwa and the Chinese pipa, the Ty Ba has a personality of its own.